Read the sentences paying attention to their construction and translate them according to the model

Model: It was Yuri Dolgoruky who founded Moscow.

Именно Юрий Долгорукий основал Москву.

1. It was Lomonosov who founded the first Russian university. 2. It was my brother who gave me the letter. 3. It was Yuri Gagarin who first flew into space. 4. It was that question that he answered. 5. It was he who came the first. 6. It was my sister who told me the news.

Read the sentences and translate them into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs.

1. You should ask your sister first. 2. Can she be so busy? 3. Would you show me the way to the Alexander Garden? 4. Children ought to be more attentive to their grandparents. 5. You oughtn’t to speak to your friend like this. 6. Your daughter shouldn’t spend so much money on clothes. 6. I’m afraid I must go. 7. You shouldn’t phone them now as it is very late. 8. We could go shopping together. 9. You may not be back before dinner. 10. May I wait for him? 11. You could find this book in any bookshop. 12. Mother says I mustn’t go out. 13. Can I have some more bread? 14. They ought to know about this.

Read the sentences paying attention to Gerund.

1. These shoes are so old, they aren’t worth keeping. 2. At first I enjoyed listening to him but then I got tired of hearing the same story again and again. 3. What about staying at home tomorrow? 4. He is busy looking for the books for his report. 5. I don’t feel like going there. 6. He’s not used to living alone. 7. I am used to driving on the left. 8. I am fond of skating. 9. The problem is not worth discussing. 10. I enjoy growing flowers. 11. Tom suggested visiting the Kremlin.

Moscow

Moscow is first mentioned in the annals of history of the year 1147. Moscow rendered a great service to the nation by uniting the country and giving it a single government. It was Moscow that gave its name to the land which was called Muscovy. Such was the historical fate of the little settlement atop a hill overlooking the Moskva River, a settlement founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

The best starting point of the tour around the city is Red Square. The Square was laid in the 15^th century. Moscow is built on seven hills, one of which is encircled by a red wall. The Kremlin stands on this hill. Red Square is the place of parades, meetings and demonstrations. Here one can see the Cathedral of St.Basil the Blessed. It was built during the reign of Ivan the Terrible by architects Postnik and Barma to commemorate Russia’s conquest of the Kazan Kingdom in 1552. It is a masterpiece of Russian architecture. Tourists can see the monument to Minin and Pozharsky. It was designed by Ivan Martos in 1818 in memory of the Russian victory over the Polish invaders in 1612. The History Museum in Red Square is a magnificent building, besides, it is one of the major scientific and educational institutions where we can follow the life of Russian people since ancient times.

The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin, a wonderful architectural ensemble with three magnificent cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, palaces, fortress walls and 20 towers. The Saviour’s Tower (Spasskaya Bashnya) is the symbol of the Kremlin. It was built in 1491 and got its name from the icon of the Saviour, that formerly stood above the tower gate. The star-topped tower is 71 metres high. It is notable for its clock. The clock strikes every quarter of an hour. The Kremlin with golden domes and towers attracts everybody’s attention and makes a strong impression on tourists.

The Alexander Garden is situated near the Kremlin wall. In 1967 the Memorial ensemble was set up over the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. There are always a lot of flowers at the foot of the monument.

Some skyscrapers decorate Moscow, including Moscow University where young people from different parts of our country and abroad study. The city leads a varied cultural life. It has a lot of concert halls, more than 40 drama and musical theatres, including the Bolshoi Theatre, the Art Theatre, The Maly Theatre, The Vakhtangov Theatre.

Muscovites are proud of their museums: The Tretyakov Gallery, the Museum of Fine Arts named after Pushkin, the Ostankino serfs art museum.

Muscovites are fond of going in for sports. So, there are lots of stadiums, swimming-pools, sports grounds and courts. The biggest stadium is in Luzhniki. It’s a green park with many sports facilities: a swimming pool, a palace of sports, a skating-rink, tennis courts.

The citizens of Moscow enjoy spending their weekends in parks, for example in the Park of Culture and Rest, in Izmailovo, Sokolniki, Fili and others, where one can see amateur actors, go boating and ride on different attractions.

By the 50^th anniversary of the end of the Second World War a memorial had been erected on the Poklonnaya Hill. It has a museum and a monument of Nika, the Goddess of Victory.

Besides, the monument to Zhukov, the outstanding military commander, has been set up in front of the History Museum.

Certainly Moscow is worth seeing.

1. Suggest the Russian for:

to render a great service, a single government, atop of hill, to be encircled, to commemorate, to be designed, invaders, magnificent building, since ancient times, formerly, tower gate, to be notable for, the star-topped tower, strike, to attract everybody’s attention, to make an impression, to set up, abroad, a varied cultural life, include, sports facilities, amateur actors, to erect, at the foot of the monument.

2. Suggest the English for:

упоминать, исторические летописи, объединить страну, историческая судьба, селение, с видом на Москва - реку, заложить площадь, столетие, во время царствования, Иван Грозный, завоевание, королевство, шедевр, кроме того, одно из крупнейших учебных заведений, с древних времен, сердце Москвы, собор, дворец, крепость, башня, икона Спасителя, прежде, над башенными воротами, четверть часа, золотые купола, небоскребы, гордиться, бассейн, каток, жители, кататься на лодках, аттракционы, годовщина, Вторая Мировая война, главнокомандующий.