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Accounting emerge d in the eleventh century in Kievan Russia. The state and monastic economic entity began to use the inventory schedule, being then the basis of all accounting. The chief task consisted in keeping a record of objects. The strictest record of property was regarded as the only possible system of accounting. At this time there appeared the current account, initially in trade where a significant number of persons were involve d.

From the seventeenth century in Russia there evolved a rather complicated system of agricultural accounting. The accounting extended not only to land, herds, crops, seeds and implements, but also people - serfs.

In connection with the reforms introduced by Peter I there occurred a significant change in the organization of accounting. As is known, Peter I utilised the best and most valuable experience in the practice of other countries. During his reign there was published the first official document containing references to accounting - Military Statute (1716).

By the end of the reign of Peter 1 there had been created industrial enterprises large both in size andthe number of people employed that required different organization of accounting. The first official document dealing seriously with the organization of accounting was the Admiralty Regulation (1722). The reforms of Peter 1 had a great influence on the development of accounting.

The New Economic Policy comprise d a complete series of measuressuch as the strengthening of commodity-money relations, economic accountability and the introduction of a stable rouble and the organization of new socialist accounting.