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Как сделать объемную звезду своими руками
Как сделать то, что делать не хочется?
Как сделать погремушку
Как сделать так чтобы женщины сами знакомились с вами
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Как сделать наш разум здоровым?
Как сделать, чтобы люди обманывали меньше
Вопрос 4. Как сделать так, чтобы вас уважали и ценили?
Как сделать лучше себе и другим людям
Как сделать свидание интересным?
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Aspects of sentence studying
| Syntactic/structural/ formal | Semantic/logical/nominative/cognitive/conceptual/ denotative/referential/dictum | Pragmatic/communicative/psychological/ interpersonal/modus | |
| This heading attempts to… | …indicate purely linguistic or formal features which differentiate sentence from other units (morphemes, phonemes, phrases). | …locate the nature of the sentence in the thoughts which it expresses. | …locate the nature of the sentence in the expression of the speakers’ attitude to the subject matter of the relation between the speaker and the addressee, the speaker and other parameters of speech act: time, place, the speaker’s and the listeners’ background knowledge. |
| Definition: a sentence is… | …a word or group of words standing between an initial capital letter and a mark of end punctuation or between two marks of end punctuation. - Charles C. Fries | …a word or a group of words expressing a complete thought. - Jones G.M., Horning L.E., Morrow J.D. …is a (relatively) complete and independent human utterance – the completeness and independence being shown being shown by its standing alone or its capability of standing alone, i.e. of being uttered by itself. - Otto Jespersen | ..an utterance which makes just as long a communicative act as the speaker has intended to make before giving himself a rest. - S. Porter …a portion of speech that puts forward to the listener a state of things as having validity that is as being true. - Charles C. Fries |
| Ries’s definition incorporates three criteria for sentencehood that are based on Saussurean distinctions: a sentence is a grammatically constructed smallest units of speech [formal criteria], which expresses its content [logical criteria], with respect to these contents’ relations to reality whether true, ontological or imagined [psychological criteria]. | |||
| This aspect itself is… | …a chain of grammatically connected word forms; a chain with its structure. | …a part of a sentence meaning which reflects its subjective and objective reality denoted by the sentence. | …the relation between the speaker and the addressee, time and place of a reality, time and place as described in a sentence. |
| Sentence types according to… | …the number of clauses: 1. Structurally simple: -one-member -two-member 2. Structurally composite: -syndetic (compound, complex, compound-complex) -asyndetic | …the number of thoughts, ideas=situation: Proposition (= predicate + argument/ predicate + 2 or more arguments) reflects the situation: 1. Simple: Dorian killed Basil. 2. Composite: The carelessness of the driver caused an accident. When the situation is denoted as a whole, it is hard to single out a predicate and an argument: 3. Ambient/global/non-discrete: It rains. It grew dark. | …to a speaker's purpose: 1. Declarative: Peter Pan protected a group of young orphans. 2. Interrogative: Did he protect them? 3. Imperative: Watch carefully for pirate ships on the horizon. 4. Declarative interrogative: I’m not disturbing you, I hope? 5. Rhetorical: Can't you do anything right? 6. Declarative imperative: I think it’s time you going to bed. 7. Imperative declarative: Live and learn! 8. Interrogative imperative: Find it out, will you? 9. Imperative Interrogative: Tell me about your upbringing. 10. Exclamatory: I got an A on my book report! |
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Date: 2016-07-22; view: 180; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА... |