Знаков). may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects

may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional:

Incidence not known

Burning feeling in the chest or stomach

hair loss or thinning of the hair

leg cramps

sores, welting, or blisters

stomach upset

swelling of the breasts or breast soreness in both females and males

unusual dullness or feeling of sluggishness

For Healthcare Professionals

Applies to spironolactone: compounding powder, oral tablet

Metabolic

One of the most sensitive and quickest tests for hyperkalemia is the electrocardiogram (ECG), which usually demonstrates pronounced, "tented", or "peaked" T-waves, if not QRS widening. The first line of treatment for hyperkalemia with ECG changes is intravenous calcium. A second line therapy is prompt treatment with intravenous glucose 20% to 50% and regular insulin 0.25 to 0.50 units for every gram of glucose given. Moderate hyperkalemia can sometimes be successfully treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate exchange resin.

Results of a case-controlled study revealed that heart failure patients who develop hyperkalemia while receiving spironolactone (the active ingredient contained in Aldactone) tend to be older, likely to have diabetes, have higher baseline potassium levels, and are receiving a beta-blocker. In this study, hyperkalemia requiring discontinuation of therapy occurred in 3.6% of patients and the rate of serious hyperkalemia (i.e., greater than 6.0 mEq/L) was 1.6%. In contrast, another study reported that 24% of their heart failure patients developed hyperkalemia and 12% developed serious hyperkalemia while receiving spironolactone. Also, 31% of patients developed hyponatremia.

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is associated with spironolactone therapy in patients with liver disease and/or severe renal dysfunction.[Ref]

Metabolic side effects have been the most common side effects of spironolactone. Hyperkalemia has been reported in approximately 10% of patients, which has caused intermittent muscle paralysis and death in rare cases. Hyperkalemia is particularly likely in patients with renal dysfunction. Hyponatremia has been reported in 12% of patients, and may be more likely in patients with liver disease