Полезное:
Как сделать разговор полезным и приятным
Как сделать объемную звезду своими руками
Как сделать то, что делать не хочется?
Как сделать погремушку
Как сделать так чтобы женщины сами знакомились с вами
Как сделать идею коммерческой
Как сделать хорошую растяжку ног?
Как сделать наш разум здоровым?
Как сделать, чтобы люди обманывали меньше
Вопрос 4. Как сделать так, чтобы вас уважали и ценили?
Как сделать лучше себе и другим людям
Как сделать свидание интересным?
Категории:
АрхитектураАстрономияБиологияГеографияГеологияИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКулинарияКультураМаркетингМатематикаМедицинаМенеджментОхрана трудаПравоПроизводствоПсихологияРелигияСоциологияСпортТехникаФизикаФилософияХимияЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника
Holidays in the UK
In Great Britain there are public holidays that are called "bank holidays".
The term "bank holiday" dates back to the 19th century. At that time all the banks were closed on these holidays. Now this term is no longer referred only to banks. Many other firms and offices are closed too.
Among these are eight holidays: New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day Holiday, Spring Bank Holiday, Late Summer {August) Bank Holiday, Christmas Day and Boxing Day.
New Year's Eve (December 31st) is more special for Scottish people, who celebrate it with their families. They sit the Old Year out and the New Year in. At midnight Scottish people hold their hands in a large circle and sing the song "Auld lang syne" by Robert Burns. That is how they celebrate the coming of a new year.
But it does not mean that New Year's Eve is not so popular throughout the country. People decorate their houses with bouquets of mistletoe.
Friday before Easter is called "Good Friday". People usually make special buns which are marked with a cross on top. On this day the Church marks Jesus Christ's death.
Easter Monday is the first Monday after Easter Day.
May Day Bank Holiday is celebrated on the first Monday after May Day (May 1st). People celebrate the coming of spring. They also select the most beautiful girl on this day, who becomes May Queen. Sometimes May poles are constructed with long coloured ribbons and children dance around these poles holding the ends of these ribbons.
Spring Bank Holiday is marked on the last Monday in May.
August Bank Holiday is the last Monday in August. British people usually go on picnics on spring and summer bank holidays.
The most popular bank holiday is Christmas Day. It is celebrated on December 25th. Christmas symbolizes the birth of Jesus Christ. On this day many people go to Churches, get Christmas presents and make a traditional Christmas dinner (roast turkey and pudding).
On this day children wait for a special person who will come down the chimney during the night and will bring them presents. It is Father Christmas. However, Santa Claus is used synonymously with Father Christmas. Children usually hang long socks or stocks on their beds and hope that Father Christmas will put his presents in them.
Christmas trees are set in the living-rooms and are decorated with toys by children.
Boxing Day is celebrated on December 26th. It comes straight away after Christmas Day. This is an old tradition, when in old times rich people used to give their servants money or "Christmas boxes". Now it is the day when people simply have rest or visit their friends.
Besides bank holidays, there are also different festivals reflecting interesting traditions and customs. Among them are: St. Valentine's Day, Shrove Tuesday {Pancake Day), April Fool's Day, Mother's Day {Mothering Sunday), Father's Day, Halloween and Guy Fawkes Night.
St. Valentine's Day is celebrated on February 14th. On this day people send Valentine cards and get presents and "valentines" from their sweethearts.
A valentine is a colourful card with tender love words composed by the sender. It is a kind of a love-token. Valentine cards are usually not signed. Those who get them must guess who the sender is.
Shrove Tuesday is the last day when you can eat and do everything before the fasting of Lent. It also has a popular name "Pancake Day" because many people traditionally eat pancakes on this day. Christians usually go to the church and confess their sins to a priest on Shrove Tuesday.
Mothering Sunday or Mother's Day is celebrated on the fourth Sunday in Lent in March. On this day mothers get presents from their sons and daughters. And all children despite their age return to their homes.
On April Fool's Day people play jokes and tricks on each other.
In June there is Father's Day. On this day fathers get gift cards and a lot of attention from their children.
Halloween is a holiday that is on October 31st. The most memorable symbol connected to this holiday is a lantern made of a pumpkin. A pumpkin is cut like a face and a candle is put inside of it. So it looks like a face with burning eyes.
Usually people dress in colourful costumes of witches and ghosts and go to fancy dress parties.
Children go from one house to another and say: "Trick or treat". If people do not refuse to give them something they sing. If they do refise children play tricks.
Halloween is on the eve of All Saints' Day. The word "halloween" means "holy evening". The tradition of Halloween goes back with its roots to a time when people believed in evil spirits.
Guy Fawkes Night is celebrated in the UK on November 5th. This tradition comes from old times when King James I was on the throne. He was a Protestant that is why Roman Catholics did not like him because of the religious differences. In 1605 Roman Catholics made a plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament. They placed barrels with gunpowder under the House of Lords. The man called Guy Fawkes was one of those people. Nevertheless, they did not have a chance to blow up the Parliament because the King discovered their plan, his soldiers found Guy Fawkes and executed him. This happened on November 5th.
Since then British people mark this day by burning a dummy made of straw and old clothes on a bonfire. They call this dummy simply "a guy".
Alongside public holidays there are not least important holidays celebrated in the UK. They are the patron saint days: St. David's Day on March 1st (in Wales), St. George's Day on April 23d (in England), St. Andrew's Day on November 30th (in Scotland) and St. Patrick's Day on March 17th (in Northern Ireland). The only national holiday from this list is St. Patrick's Day for the Irish.
· angling — ужение рыбы
· pub (от public house) — паб, пивная
· Dress down friday — вольная пятница
· bank holidays — официальные праздники Великобритании
· New Year's Day — Новый год
· Good Friday — пятница перед Пасхой
· Easter Monday — понедельник после Пасхи
· May Day Bank Holiday — праздник встречи весны
· Spring Bank Holiday — весенний день отдыха (последний понедельник в мае)
· August Bank Holiday — летний день отдыха (последний понедельник августа)
· Christmas ['kri:sməs] Day — Рождество (25 декабря)
· Boxing Day — День рождественских подарков (26 декабря)
· St. Valentine's Day — День св. Валентина (14 февраля)
· Shrove Tuesday (Pancake Day) — страстной вторник (последний день перед великим постом)
· the fasting of Lent — Великий пост
· Mother's Day — День матери (четвертое воскресенье поста)
· April Fool's Day — День смеха (1 апреля)
· Father's Day — День отца (отмечается в июне)
· Halloween [‚hæləu'i:n] — Хэллоуин (31 октября)
· Guy Fawkes Night — Ночь Гая Фокса (вечер 5 ноября, день раскрытия "порохового заговора")
· dummy — чучело
· St. David's [deividz] Day — День св. Давида (национальный день Уэльса, 1 марта)
· St. George's Day — День св. Георгия (национальный день Англии, 23 апреля)
· St. Andrew's Day — День св. Андрея (национальный день Шотландии, 30 ноября)
· St. Patrick's Day —День св. Патрика (национальный праздник Ирландии, 17 марта)
| British Traditions and Customs British nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe. It is not a secret that every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Great Britain people attach greater importance to traditions and customs than in other European countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. The best examples are their queen, money system, their weights and measures. There are many customs and some of them are very old. There is, for example, the Marble Championship, where the British Champion is crowned; he wins a silver cup known among folk dancers as Morris Dancing. Morris Dancing is an event where people, worn in beautiful clothes with ribbons and bells, dance with handkerchiefs or big sticks in their hands, while traditional music- sounds. Another example is the Boat Race, which takes place on the river Thames, often on Easter Sunday. A boat with a team from Oxford University and one with a team from Cambridge University hold a race. British people think that the Grand National horse race is the most exciting horse race in the world. It takes place near Liverpool every year. Sometimes it happens the same day as the Boat Race takes place, sometimes a week later. Amateur riders as well as professional jockeys can participate. It is a very famous event. There are many celebrations in May, especially in the countryside. Halloween is a day on which many children dress up in unusual costumes. In fact, this holiday has a Celtic origin. The day was originally called All Halloween's Eve, because it happens on October 31, the eve of all Saint's Day. The name was later shortened to Halloween. The Celts celebrated the coming of New Year on that day. Another tradition is the holiday called Bonfire Night. On November 5,1605, a man called Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament where the king James 1st was to open Parliament on that day. But Guy Fawkes was unable to realize his plan and was caught and later, hanged. The British still remember that Guy Fawkes' Night. It is another name for this holiday. This day one can see children with figures, made of sacks and straw and dressed in old clothes. On November 5th, children put their figures on the bonfire, burn them, and light their fireworks. In the end of the year, there is the most famous New Year celebration. In London, many people go to Trafalgar Square on New Year's Eve. There is singing and dancing at 12 o'clock on December 31st. A popular Scottish event is the Edinburgh Festival of music and drama, which takes place every year. A truly Welsh event is the Eisteddfod, a national festival of traditional poetry and music, with a competition for the best new poem in Welsh. If we look at English weights and measures, we see that the British are very conservative people. They do not use the internationally accepted measurements. They have conserved their old measures. There are nine essential measures. For general use, the smallest weight is one ounce, then 16 ounce is equal to a pound. Fourteen pounds is one stone. The English always give people's weight in pounds and stones. Liquids they measure in pints, quarts and gallons. There are two pints in a quart and four quarts or eight pints are in one gallon. For length, they have inches» foot, yards and miles. If we have always been used to the metric system therefore the English monetary system could be found rather difficult for us. They have a pound sterling, which is divided into twenty shillings, half-crown is cost two shillings and sixpence, shilling is worth twelve pennies and one penny could be changed by two halfpennies. Questions: 1. What nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe? 2. What are the best examples of their conservatism? 3. What are the most popular English traditions? 4. What is the original name of Halloween? 5. What is a popular Scottish event? 6. What is the Eisteddfod? 7. What peculiarities of the English monetary system do you know? Vocabulary: to be considered — считаться, рассматриваться как customs — традиции to attach — уделять proud — гордый to keep (past kept, p.p. kept) up — поддерживать, хранить to crown — короновать folk — народный (относящийся к обычаям, традициям простого народа) to wear (past wore, p.p. worn) — одевать, носить ribbon — лента, ленточка; тесьма handkerchief — носовой платок Boat Race — лодочные гонки Easter Sunday — Пасхальное Воскресенье exciting — возбуждающий, волнующий amateur — любитель; поклонник; любительский rider — всадник, наездник; жокей event — событие countryside — сельская местность Celtic — кельтский origin — происхождение; начало All Halloween's Eve — Канун всех святых (сокр. Хэлло-уин) Bonfire Night — Ночь костров to blow up — взорвать, подорвать to catch (caught) — схватить, арестовать to hang (past hung, p.p. hung) — повесить straw — солома bonfire — костер firework — обыкн. мн. фейерверк truly — действительно, по-настоящему Eisteddfod — ежегодный фестиваль бардов (в Уэльсе) competition — соревнование to convince - убеждать, уверять essential — важнейший; необходимый; основной ounce — унция (- 28,3 г) pound — фунт (современная мера веса, используемая в англоговорящих странах; = 453,6 г) stone — мн. обыкн. неизм. стоун (мера веса, равен 14 фунтам, или 6,34 кг) pint — пинта (мера емкости; в Англии = 0,57 л; в США = = 0,47 л для жидкостей) quart — кварта (единица измерения объема жидкости; равняется а/4 галлона — 2 пинтам) gallon — галлон (мера жидких и сыпучих тел = 4,54 л) inch — дюйм (= 2,5 см) foot — мн. ч. неизм. фут (мера длины, равная 30,48 см) yard — ярд (мера длины, равная 3 футам или 914,4 мм) mile — английская миля (*= 1609 м) metric system — метрическая система pound sterling — фунт стерлингов (денежная единица Великобритании, равнялась 20 шиллингам, или 240 пенсам; с 1971 г. = 100 пенсам) shilling — шиллинг (англ. серебряная монета = 1/20 фунта стерлингов — 12 пенсам) penny — мн. репсе, pennies (об отдельных монетах) пенни, пенс half-crown — полкроны (монета в 2 шиллинга 6 пенсов) halfpenny — полпенни |
| <== предыдущая | | | следующая ==> |
| Декларация | | | Традиция Орлятского круга |
Date: 2015-09-17; view: 2281; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА... |