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York is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.

The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England.

In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.

York lies within the Vale of York, a flat area of fertile arable land. The York urban area had a population of 137,505. York Minster, the largest Gothic cathedral in northern Europe, stands at the city's centre.

York Castle is one of the famous places of interest. York Castle, a complex of buildings ranging from the medieval Clifford's Tower to the 20th century entrance to the York Castle Museum (formerly a prison) has had a chequered history.

York's centre is enclosed by the city's medieval walls, which are a popular walk. These defences are the most complete in England. They have the only walls set on high ramparts and they retain all their principal gateways.

York is twinned with: Dijon, France (1953) and Münster, Germany (1957). (1421знак)

1. backdrop- задний план

2. cathedral -кафедральный собор

3. chequered- изменчивый, переменчивый; разнообразный

4. church- церковь

5. confectionery- кондитерское производство

6. confluence- слияние (рек); соединение (дорог)

7. defence- защита

8. dominate- доминировать, господствовать

9. ecclesiastical- духовный, церковный

10. enclose- окружать, огораживать

11. entrance- доступ

12. existence -существование, наличие

13. fertile arable- плодородная пахотная

14. formerly- прежде, раньше

15. gateway- ворота

16. health services- здравоохранение

17. heritage- наследство; наследие

18. hub- центр

19. medieval -средневековый

20. offer -предлагать

21. prominent- выдающийся, знаменитый

22. provide- снабжать; доставлять

23. rampart- бастион; защита

24. range- простираться, тянуться (вдоль чего-л.)

25. retain -сохранять; удерживать

26. trading centre -торговый центр

27. twin -объединять, соединять

28. variety- многообразие, разнообразие

29. walled -обнесённый стеной

30. wealth- богатство, состояние

31. whilst- пока

32. within- в пределах, в рамках