Практичне заняття № 4. Тема: Херсон. Історія та сучасність

Тема: Херсон. Історія та сучасність.

План роботи

1. Читання та обговорення тексту. Підготуйте розповідь про найулюбленіше місце у Херсоні.

The most outstanding events of history of Kherson happened in the 18th century. In 1737 on the right coast of Dnipro-Slavutych there was constructed Russian field fortification Oleksandr-Shants which became the predecessor of present Kherson. In 1778 on a place of fortification there was started building of a new city. It was the first sign, a touchstone in development of the South, large steppe zone. Probably, for this reason a city has been named Kherson in honor of prospering Ancient Greek city of Chersonese in which Kyiv Prince Volodymyr was baptized in 988 year. It has arisen by order of Empress Katherine the Great and became not only a fortress of Northern Black Sea Coast, but also a cradle of the Black Sea fleet, the economic and political centre, southern capital of the big empire.

The history of establishment of Kherson is connected with outstanding historical figures. Prince Hryhory Potyomkin - governor general of Novorosiya is the city founder. According to his will he was buried in Katherine Cathedral in Kherson. Fortress and city construction was put on general master to I.A. Hannibal, and later this mission was carried out by colonel general M.I. Korsakov. The future outstanding naval commander, admiral F.F. Ushakov took part in building of the ships. Outstanding military figure, the generalissimo O.V. Suvorov supervised strengthening of the Kherson fortress and intrigues to the city. Under his influence there was formed commander talent of M.I. Kutuzov and the future admiral, one of the founders of Odessa, Spaniard O.M. Derybas. In Kherson the English humanist, philanthropist, public figure, sheriff of a county Bedford in the Great Britain John Howard was also buried; fulfilling humanistic mission he studied in Kherson a condition of hospitals and hospitals for poor, prisoners in prisons and helped with typhus epidemic control.

In the city there are constructed monuments to H.O. Potyomkin, O.V. Suvorov, F.F. Ushakov, John Howard and many other outstanding people. Streets and squares are named after their names.

Many citizens of Kherson are known in the world. Our fellow countrymen: N. Durova, the glorified heroine of Patriotic War of 1812, writers: A.A. Fet, M. Kulish, B. Lavrenyov; outstanding historian E.V. Tarle. The creative talent of Soviet film director S. Bondarchuk, the film director, the national actor of the USSR E. Matveev, the Ukrainian actor and director H. Deliev was developed here.

Kherson people are known in the sports world. L. Latynina - the first Olympic champion on art gymnastics; M. Startsev - the goalkeeper of national football team; S. Vsevolodov - the world champion, honored coach of Ukraine, the president of the Ukrainian union of kyokushin karate; Moshe Sharet - the second prime minister of Israel; Serhiy Stanishev - the present prime minister of Bulgaria.

2. Граматичний матеріал: Модальні дієслова

Ex. 1. Complete the sentences with must or mustn't.

You_________brush your teeth three times a day.

You _________forget to do your homework regularly.

You _________be nice to your classmates.

You _________wear warm clothes when it is cold outside.

You _________chew gum in auditorium.

You _________study hard if you want to pass your exams.

You _________fight with your classmates.

You _________ play football in the auditorium.

You __________listen to your teacher very carefully.

You __________forget your best friend's birthday.

You __________be rude to your grandparents.

You __________go to the dentist's twice a year.

You __________ stay in bed when you are ill.

You __________feed zoo animals.

You __________do your online exercises.

Ex. 2. Fill in the necessary modal verb (can, must, may).

1. Maybe she will return tonight. - She ________ return tonight.

2. Don't stand up! - You _______ stand up!

3. I'm sure they will finish it in a minute. – They_______ finish it in a minute.

4. There is no need to answer the letter. - You _________answer the letter.

5. Please, do it for me. –__________you do it for me?

6. I'd like to see your children. - _________I see your children?

7. I am not good at football. - I __________play football.

8. Do your homework! - You ___________do your homework.

9. Let's take a taxi. - We ____________take taxi.

Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: “ Radiation Sickness”

Radiation Sickness is a harmful effect produced on body tissues by exposure to radioactive substances. The biological action of radiation is not fully understood, but it is believed that a disturbance in cellular activity results from the chemical changes caused by ionization. Some body tissues are more sensitive to radiation than others and are more easily affected; the cells in the blood-forming tissues (bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes) are extremely sensitive. Radiation sickness may occur from exposure to a single massive emanation such as a nuclear explosion, or it may occur after repeated exposure to even very small doses in a plant or laboratory, since radiation effects are cumulative. Moreover, solar radiation in sufficient quantity is enough to cause tissue destruction; persons unduly exposed to sunlight, such as farmers and sailors, have a far greater incidence of skin cancer than has the general population. Radiation sickness may be fairly mild and transitory, consisting of weakness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. A mild dose of radiation increases the tendency to bleed and reduces the body's defense against infection. After a massive dose of radiation the reaction may be so severe that death quickly ensues. This is usually due to severe anemia or hemorrhage, to infection, or to dehydration. Extremely high doses damage the tissues of the brain, and death usually follows within 48 hr. There is no radiation sickness, although it is sometimes possible for persons to survive otherwise lethal doses of radiation can cause genetic mutation; the progeny of those subjected to excessive radiation tend to show deleterious genetic changes. Persons working with radioactive materials or X rays protect themselves from excessive exposure to radiation by shields and special clothing usually containing lead. Processes involving radioactive substances are observed through thick plates of specially prepared glass that exclude the harmful rays. A dosimeter, a device measuring the amount of radiation to which an individual has been exposed, is always worn by persons working in radioactive areas.

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.