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A working day at the college
PART I
Grammar: Modal Verbs and their equivalents.
Глагол, выражающий возможность или умение – can (мочь, уметь). Прошедшее время от can – could. Эквивалент глагола “ can ” – to be able to.
PATTERN:
| I can (am able to) translate the text without a dictionary. | Я могу (умею) переводить тексты без словаря. |
Глагол, выражающий разрешение или позволение – may. Прошедшее время от “ may ” – might. Эквивалент глагола “ may ” – to be allowed to.
PATTERN:
| He may (is allowed to) use books from my library. | Он может пользоваться книгами из моей библиотеки |
Глаголы, выражающие долженствование, – must (должен, обязан), имеет эквиваленты: to have to + V, to be to +V.
PATTERN:
| She has to take the examination again. The train is to arrive at platform 2. | Она должна (вынуждена) сдавать экзамен ещё раз. Поезд должен прибыть на платформу 2. |
Should – должен, следует.
PATTERN:
| You should be careful when you are crossing the street. | Следует быть внимательным при переходе улицы. |
Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. A housewife should be economical if she wants to save some money for
travelling.
2. The two friends were to meet on Trafalgar Square.
3. Jane had to change her plans for holidays because of her mother’s illness.
4. May I use your pen? – Sure, you may.
5. The students were unable to make experiments without the teacher’s help. He had to help them.
6. Next year my brother must join the Army.
Exercise 2. Use the equivalents instead of modal verbs.
1. They can solve the equations quite easily.
2. You may attend lectures any time when you come to England.
3. Last year he could train in the swimming pool several times a week.
4. She must live in a hotel because her house is very far from the university.
Exercise 3. Choose the right modal verb or its equivalent to fill in the blank.
a) had; b) was unable; c)are; d) could not; e) should; f) are allowed; g) must.
1. The students _______ to take exams and tests twice a year.
2. It was so dark that Catrine ______ see anything and she ______ to stay in the village.
3. To be a good manager one _____ know different resources of management.
4. Jane _____ to help her friend because she herself was not good at physics.
5. The students ______ work hard during the term to be a success during the examination session.
6. They _____ to use a dictionary during their work at the text.
Exercise 4. Translate the text into Russian. Explain the use of modal verbs and their equivalents.
It was a usual working day at the college. In the morning the students were to attend two lectures and after the lunch they had a seminar. They were to answer three main questions of the discussion:
1) what should the owners do to make profit?
2) how can the advertisement help to popularize the business production?
3) what measures have the business organization to take to increase productivity?
As the problems were rather interesting the students were active and were able to give answers to all the questions, expressing their own point of view of the problem.
After the seminar they were still discussing the ideas. Of course, they couldn’t come to a definite concession, but realized that they had already possessed some knowledge to develop their own ideas.
Jane based her views on her tiny own experience of work for the firm. Now she was sure that practical work was very important and could help a lot. Many students were surprised to hear how much she had learnt and how skillfully she was able to give her arguments which they couldn’t help respecting.
Unit 7
PART I
JANE’S COMING HOME AT CHRISTMAS
Grammar: the Gerund.
Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, имеющая окончание - ing. Герундий может переводиться существительным или неопределенной формой глагола, например: coming – приезд; studying well – учиться хорошо.
Герундий можно узнать по ряду признаков:
1. Перед ним может стоять предлог:
PATTERN:
| Before entering the University he worked as a shop assistant. | До поступления в университет он работал продавцом. |
2. Перед ним может стоять притяжательное местоимение или существительное в притяжательном падеже:
PATTERN:
| The parents were impatiently expecting Jane’s coming home. | Родители с нетерпением ожидали приезда Джейн домой. |
3. Герундий может быть подлежащим в предложении; в этом случае за ним следует сказуемое:
PATTERN:
| Smith’s working out some economic principles is still popular today. | Разработка Смитом нескольких экономических положений все еще актуальна сегодня. |
Exercise 1. Translate the sentences:
1. Reading books of old economists may help you to understand the principles of
modern economy.
2. Jane knows of Dolores’s leaving for Spain at coming Christmas.
3. Their participating in seminars helped them to understand the problems better.
4. For many years Dolores has been dreaming of becoming a top manager. Her entering the College of Economy and Business was the first step in realizing this dream.
5. After passing winter examinations many students of the college are leaving for different countries of Europe for getting exciting experience. Travelling is always very pleasant indeed.
Exercise 2. Read the text. Write out and translate the underlined words. Be ready to answer the questions given below the text:
JANE’S COMING HOME AT CHRISTMAS
Coming home after a long absence is always pleasant. All the students are expecting this happy moment impatiently and after passing the examinations they leave the college, take buses, trains and planes with the desire to be at home as quick as possible.
Jane was lucky at the examinations and passed them all successfully. She was really the top student* in her group. She knew her parents were looking forward for having their daughter at home. At last the day came! She was warmly met, her favourite dishes were served, photos were taken and her stories about student life were listened to with great interest.
On Christmas Day the family got together at holiday supper, and the most exciting moment came when everybody was presented with a Christmas gift. Presenting gifts is as pleasant as getting them!
At midnight there was a telephone call from Spain. Dolores congratulated Jane and her family on Christmas. She told Jane that Spanish cities were beautifully decorated; all the houses, cathedrals and streets were lit with coloured lamps. She also said that she participated in Christmas concert and sang Christmas corals. The two friends wished each other happy Christmas, much joy and best days.
* Notes to the text:
top student – лучший студент.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions:
1. How do the students get home?
2. What were the examination results for Jane?
3. What was the most exciting moment on Christmas Day?
4. Did Dolores come together with Jane?
5. How did she spend her holidays?
Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word:
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