Exercise 2. Fill in with the right prepositions

Almaty was destroyed - earthquakes - 1887 and 1911, and was made the regional capital - 1928.

Almaty is one - the most beautiful city - Kazakhstan.

There are a lot --- big trees --- the road.

People --- Almaty are hospitable.

City is expanding --- year --- year.

Kazakhstan

Words and expressions:

Ancestors- предки

Tribes- племена

To settle - поселиться

Major - крупный

To occupy an area- занимать территорию

To extract - добывать

Treaty - договор

To set up - основывать

Joint –stock company – совместное предприятие

Chamber - палата

To declare - обьявлять

Along with - вместе

Judicial body- судебный орган

Text

The Kazakh ancestors – Turkic and Mongol tribes – settled on the territory of today’s Kazakhstan around the first century. By the middle of the 16^th century these people called themselves Kazakhs and were ruled by a single Khan, leader of a nation and they had a common language, culture and economy. From the mid- 18^th century this area was gradually annexed by the Russian Empire.

In 1920, the region was an autonomous republic and in 1936 it became a full union republic the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. At this time immigration to Kazakhstan increased because of large-scale repression in the 1930s and during the Second World War. Thus, Kazakhstan is a multinational country: people of one hundred nationalities live and work there.

Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union the country formally declared its independence on 16^th December 1991, and changed its name to the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the Constitution the State language is the Kazakh language. The Russian language is officially used with the Kazakh language.

Kazakhstan is a vast country. It occupies an area of more than 2.7 million square kilometers. Its population is about 15 million people. Kazakhstan is a country of steppes, lakes and mountains. It is washed by the Caspian Sea and Aral sea. It borders on Russia in the West and North, on the Republics of Central Asia in the South, and on Mongolia and China in the East. It has a dry continental climate.

Kazakhstan is rich in natural resources. Oil and gas are produced in the western part of the country. Nearly all elements of the Mendeleyev Periodic Table are extracted here (iron, ore, copper, chrome, gold, silver)/ Kazakhstan exports crude oil, natural gas, ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Agriculture is also an important sector in the country’s economy with grain, cotton and wool exports.

The main aim today is to build economically powerful Kazakhstan. Since the early 1990s, Kazakhstan/s economy has been in a transitional phase from centrally planned to market economy. We set up many joint- stock companies, firms and enterprises. A lot of foreign companies do business in the republic.

The government creates attractive conditions for foreign investments. Our country is a member of the United Nations Organization.

Near Zhezkazgan there is the Baikonur cosmodrome where Yuri Gagarin took off in 1961 and where space flights are carried out now.

The President is the head of the state, its highest official, is elected to a seven-year term. The highest representative body of the country is Parliament. It consists of two chambers: the Upper Chamber (Senate) and Lower Chamber

(Majilis). The Prime – minister is the head of the Government. The Supreme Court of Kazakhstan is the highest judicial body. It hears civil, criminal and other cases.

We believe that Kazakhstan is on the high road to development.

Exercise1. Answer the following questions.

1. Who were ancestors of Kazakhs?

2. When did Kazakhstan become independent?

3. What area does Kazakhstan occupy?

4. What can you say about the geographical location of Kazakhstan?

5. What is the main aim today?

6. What do you know about the political system in Kazakhstan?

7. What is the official language of Kazakhstan?

8. What can you say about Kazakhstan’s wealth?

9. Is the Republic a member of the UN?

Exercise2.Write the Past Simple of these verbs.

Be, take,have, settle, wash, build, establish, say, use, do

Exercise2. Match a word in A with a word inB

A B

Common relations

Economic gas

Vast flight

Continental climate

Space country

Natural language

Education in Kazakhstan

Words and expressions:

Prohibit- запрещать

Provide - обеспечивать

curriculum- курс обучения, учебный план

develop - развивать

private schools- частные школы

Text

The educational system in Kazakhstan is presented by two languages: Kazakh and Russian. The Constitution and acting laws prohibit any discrimination on the basis of language and ethnic background and guarantee equal rights in education. Today, the educational system in Kazakhstan presents a broad range of methods and forms and employs highly skilled and educated teachers. It includes primary, technical- professional, specialized and higher educational institutions. The most common form of bringing up children to the larger society in Kazakhstan is kindergarten. Kazakhstan’s kindergartens provide a well- developed curriculum for a child’s all-round development and his preparation for school. Primary education is the most developed of the state’s educational system. Pupils receive their education in schools of three different levels: primary (1-4grades), secondary (5-9grades) and junior (10-11grades). Secondary education is compulsory in Kazakhstan.

After finishing the 9^th grade, children can continue education in high school, in technical-professional institutes or in special schools, Kazakhstan has also developed several new types of school with greater specialization such as gymnasiums, technical lyceums and private schools. The system of higher education prepares highly skilled experts. Most of those institutes have either a pedagogical or technical profile. Some of them also specialize in agriculture and medicine. Others prepare experts on the economy, transportation and communication, jurisprudence, art, cinema.

The private educational system started to take form in the country only after its independence. In order to open a private institution it is necessary to receive a special license. Their work is evaluated by special committee on accreditation.

Exercise1. Find words with the same root in the text.

Education, high, to learn, developed, special.

Exercise2. Complete these sentences.

1. Kazakhstan’s kindergartens provide …………

2. Pupils receive their primary education ………..

3. The educational system of Kazakhstan presents a broad range …….

Exercise3.Answer the following questions

1. The educational system in Kazakhstan is presented by two languages, isn’it?

2. What do the Constitution and acting laws prohibit?

3. What can you say about the educational system in Kazakhstan?

4. What is the role of kindergartens?

5. Is secondary education compulsory in Kazakhstan?

6. What do the children do after finishing the9th grade?

7. What can you say about the institutions of higher learning?