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Модальные глаголы
122. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы:
1. Before and after classes you can see a lot of students in the reading-rooms because they prepare their lessons there. 2. Can you name the days of the week? 3. You may do this work tomorrow. 4. I am sorry. I cannot help you. 5. Must I translate the text? – No, you needn’t. 6. May I ask you a question? – I am afraid not. I am hurrying to the lecture. 7. Students must be attentive in class. 8. You must not be late for classes. 9. She must hurry or she may be late for the lecture. 10. You may choose one of the books. 11. Which of you can answer this question? 12. The examination mus t take place today. 13. You needn’t hurry, we have a lot of time. 14. Students must not leave classes. 15. They needn’t go there if they have no time. 16. There may be a few new words in the text but you must understand it without a dictionary. 17. There may be young women present at the meeting. 18. There must be some English books in this bookcase. 19. He must be in his study, you can speak to him. 20. She can’t be at home now.
123. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. Предложения переведите:
1. I can do this work. 2. She must go. 3. He may come in. 4. You can tell them about the plan of your studies. 5. We must work at our project today. 6. She must speak to the dean about it. 7. We must use the new tools to cut and form this metal part. 8. This equipment can produce parts with very high accuracy. 9. They could easily define the properties of this material. 10. He may complete all necessary measurements himself. 11. With the help of a new device the scientist could see some strange rays.
124. Поставьте вместо пропусков необходимый глагол must (not) или need (not):
1. She... go to bed early, tomorrow is a holiday. 2. You... an umbrella, it's raining. 3. You... cross the road when the lights are red. 4. You... not tell everybody what I told you. It's a secret. 5. You... not go to the library. I can lend you this book. 6. You... not finish it if you aren't hungry. 7. You... not smoke in here. It's forbidden. 8. You... not drive a car without a license. 9. You... not warm it. I like cold coffee. 10. People... wear warm clothes in this cold climate. 11. He said he... go, he had promised to come. 12. Polite neighbours... not make noise after 10.00 p.m. 13. He feels he... spend more time with his family. 14. You... come and see our new kitchen. 15. I think you... pull yourself together.
125. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя модальные глаголы:
1. Я могу пойти с вами. 2. Мы должны проветрить эту аудиторию. 3. Может он ответить на мой вопрос? 4. Вы умеете говорить по-английски? 5. Он может прийти сегодня. 6. Я могу взять это письмо, чтобы переписать его для вас. 7. Можно мне войти? 8. Чтобы говорить на эту тему, вы должны прочитать эту книгу. 9. Вам нельзя туда идти. 10. Мне читать или переводить? 11. На уроке студенты должны говорить по-немецки. 12. Мне открыть окно? 13. Он, должно быть, занят сегодня. 14. Сегодня она не может прийти во время. 15. Мне повторить вопрос?
126. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение местоимения one:
1. One must know at least one foreign language. 2. One can easily do it. 3. If one wants to study, one can always find time for it. 4. What can one see out of the window of your classroom? 5. One must work hard at foreign language if one wants to master it. 6. One mustn’t late for classes. 7. One may take magazines from the library. 8. One must know a lot of words to read books on one’s speciality.
127. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя модальные глаголы и местоимение one:
1. На этот вопрос можно ответить. 2. Эту работу можно выполнить сегодня. 3. Чтобы овладеть языком, надо заниматься регулярно. 4. Нельзя пропускать занятия. 5. Чтобы выучить слова, надо много читать. 6. Эту газету можно достать в библиотеке. 7. В комнату нельзя сейчас входить.
128. Переведите предложения на русский язык, объясните использование модальных глаголов:
1. Every man must pay his debt to nature. 2. You can't please everyone. 3. We ought to weigh well what we can only once decide. 4. A gentleman should be honest in his actions and refined in his language. 5. Children should be seen and not heard. 6. You should know a man seven years before you stir his fire. 7. You can only die once. 8. A liar ought to have a good memory. 9. Who says «A» must say «B». 10. A man can do no more than he can. 11. Law makers should not be law breakers. 12. We must not look for a golden life in an iron age. 13. They may come any minute. 14. You'll have to accept our terms. 15. This may be true, but who knows? 16. May I hand in my report, sir?
129. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные способы выражения долженствования:
1. In scientific work we must measure in units of the metric system. 2. One should turn off the gas when one leaves home. 3. We ought to say that the discovery of atomic energy is as important as the discovery of fire. 4. This part is very complex and the worker has to use special tools to cut it. 5. We should be prepared for scientific study of life on other planets. 6. You were to replace the tool by another one, why didn't you do it? 7. Atoms must serve mankind. 8. The lecture is to begin at 6 o'clock. We ought to come in time. 9. He had to work hard before he was able to submit his paper to a scientific journal. 10. The engineer will have to improve the accuracy of this machine tool. 11. The use of new machinery should increase the output of coal by 25 per cent per month.
130. Вставьте вместо пропусков подходящий по смыслу модальный глагол, предложения переведите:
1. We... cancel the meeting. The proposals are not ready yet. (may, can, have to) 2. Sorry I won't be in Moscow at that time. I... go to Minsk. My parents will celebrate their fortieth wedding anniversary. (must, need to, may) 3. The shop was losing money, so they... close down. (must, had to, could) 4. You... exercise every day to keep fit. (can, may, must) 5. He is overworking. He really... go to bed earlier. (may, can, should) 6. I have a splitting headache. I... take an aspirin. (may, can, must) 7. I know you... do the job because you have knowledge and experience. (can, may, have to) 8. She... visit her parents more often. (may, should, needs to) 9. — Must I work this weekend? — No, you.... (mustn't, can't, needn't) 10. She... pass her exams otherwise she will be expelled from the University. (is able to, must, may) 11. I... take the bus yesterday because the subway was closed. (had to, must, could)
131. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов to be и to have:
MODEL: Не is a student. — Он студент.
Не is to study mathematics. — Он должен изучать математику.
1. Atom is a great force. It is to serve mankind. 2. The accuracy of these automatic machines is very high. These machines are to replace the old equipment of our shop. 3. Mathematics is of great importance for engineers. Every technical student is to study it for some years. 4. The students are not at the laboratory. They are to be at the laboratory at 6 o'clock.
MODEL: They have a lot of work. — У них много работы.
They have to work hard.— Они должны много (упорно) работать.
1. Due to the Sun people have immense supplies of energy. We have to build special solar stations to convert solar energy into electrical one. 2. He had much work. He had to work hard to improve his project. 3. As these machines will have a device which is necessary for automatic measurements and inspection, the workers will use these machines in their work. 4. Physicists have a great many of very important problems. They have to place the atom completely at the service of man.
132. Переведите на русский язык:
1. This engineer had to take part in the work going on. 2. You ought to have written the article long ago. 3. You should press a button to set the machinery in motion. 4. I am to meet my friends at the station. 5. Every worker in any branch of science must carry out experiments. 6. They shall work tomorrow if they do not complete everything tonight. 7. One has to study to improve one's work. 8. A number of scientific problems were to be solved in connection with the construction of a network of electro transmission lines. 9. The students should not forget that it is impossible to acquire profound knowledge of any subject without a great deal of work. 10. The students ought to remember that the knowledge of a foreign language is absolutely essential for an engineer or a research worker. 11. Rocket engine should combine very small weight with immense power. 12. You ought to write these exercises at once. 13. These parts will have to be replaced. 14. You should read English texts every day. 15. The students should know that studying a foreign language regularly will give splendid results and they will be able to master it in a short time. 16. He was to bring the necessary material I asked for.
133. Дополните предложения, используя форму прошедшего времени глагола had to no образцу:
MODEL: Не forgot the keys, that's why .... – He forgot the key that’s why he had to wait.
1. She forgot her bag, that's why.... 2. My friend came late, that's why... 4. Mary burnt the pie, that's why.... 5. The children were not at home, that's why.... 6. Mike didn't learn the poem by heart, that's why.... 7. We had nothing to eat, that's why.... 8. He studied hard, that's why....
134. Заполните пропуски must или have to в правильной форме:
1. Nancy was feeling ill last night. She... leave the party early. 2. You really... work harder if you want to enter the institute. 3. Many children in Britain... wear school uniform. 4. Ann's eyes are not very good. She... to wear glasses for reading. 5. I can't come on Saturday. I... meet my relatives at the airport. 6. I... write to my parents. I haven't written to them for ages.
135. Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы must, may, can, need, to have to, to be able to:
1. You … not come to help them tomorrow: the work is done. 2. You … not change the whole text at the beginning. You … only rewrite the second part of it. 3. … you help me now? — I am afraid not: I am in a great hurry. I shall be free in the evening. Come to my place at about eight, and I … help you. 4. John … not tell us the rules of the game: we know them. 5. … I return the book to you on Friday? I am afraid I … not finish it before. — No, that is too late. You … bring it to me not later than Wednesday. 6. It is already six o'clock. We … hurry if we don't want to be late. 7. … you translate this text into English? — I think I … 8. They spent all the morning on the river bank. Only Ann … return home as she … not stay in the sun for such a long time.
136. Переведите на английский язык:
1. Можно мне банан? 2. Она никогда не может прийти вовремя. 3. Они, возможно, правы, но я не могу с ними согласиться. 4. Я считаю, что мы должны полагаться только на себя. 5. Дети должны ложиться спать не позднее десяти часов. 6. Ты в состоянии добраться до дома? 7. Могу я увидеть вас сегодня вечером? 8. Вам приходится иногда работать по выходным? – Приходится. 9. Мы должны решить это прямо сейчас. 0. Тебе нужен новый словарь? Ты не должен волноваться об этом. Я могу купить его тебе. 11. Не могли бы вы мне помочь? 12. Ложись спать, ты должен рано встать завтра. 13. Я должен идти, иначе я опоздаю на поезд. 14. Должны ли мы уехать сегодня же? – Необязательно. Вы можете остаться здесь до понедельника. 15. Я должен сдать работу сегодня? – Нет, ты можешь принести ее завтра. 16. Не могли бы вы передать мне соль, пожалуйста. 17. Девочке пришлось придумать историю, что бы «улизнуть» из дома. 18. Я должен сделать это сегодня? – Нет, вы можете сделать это завтра. 19. Не надо покупать словарь, я вам дам свой. 20. Нет необходимости напоминать ему о завтрашнем собрании.
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