Главная Случайная страница


Полезное:

Как сделать разговор полезным и приятным Как сделать объемную звезду своими руками Как сделать то, что делать не хочется? Как сделать погремушку Как сделать так чтобы женщины сами знакомились с вами Как сделать идею коммерческой Как сделать хорошую растяжку ног? Как сделать наш разум здоровым? Как сделать, чтобы люди обманывали меньше Вопрос 4. Как сделать так, чтобы вас уважали и ценили? Как сделать лучше себе и другим людям Как сделать свидание интересным?


Категории:

АрхитектураАстрономияБиологияГеографияГеологияИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКулинарияКультураМаркетингМатематикаМедицинаМенеджментОхрана трудаПравоПроизводствоПсихологияРелигияСоциологияСпортТехникаФизикаФилософияХимияЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника






Reported speech, Indirect questions





We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe.

  • He says he wants it.
  • We think you are right.
  • I believe he loves her.
  • Yesterday you said you didn't like it but now you do!
  • She told me he had asked her to marry him.
  • I told you she was ill.
  • We thought he was in Australia.

When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense.

  • He thinks he loves her.
  • I'll tell her you are coming.
  • He has said he'll do it.

When we tell people what someone has said in the past, we generally make the tense 'more in the past'.

  • You look very nice. = I told him he looked very nice.
  • He's working in Siberia now. = She told me he was working in Siberia now.
  • Polly has bought a new car. = She said Polly had bought a new car.
  • Jo can't come for the weekend. = She said Jo couldn't come for the weekend.
  • Paul called and left a message. = He told me Paul had called and had left me a message.
  • I'll give you a hand. = He said he would give me a hand.

However, when we are reporting something that was said in the past but is still true, it is not obligatory to make the tense 'more in the past'. The choice is up to the speaker. For example:

"The train doesn't stop here."

  • He said the train doesn't stop here.
  • He said the train didn't stop here.

"I like Sarah."

  • She said she likes Sarah.
  • She said she liked Sarah.

When we are reporting what was said, we sometimes have to change other words in the sentence.

We have to change the pronoun if we are reporting what someone else said. Compare these two sentences. In each case the person actually said "I don't want to go."

  • I said I didn't want to go.
  • Bill said he didn't want to go.

We have to change words referring to 'here and now' if we are reporting what was said in a different place or time.
Compare these two sentences. In each case the person actually said "I'll be there at ten tomorrow."

  • (If it is later the same day) He said he would be there at ten tomorrow.
  • (If it is the next day) He said he would be there at ten today.

Now compare these two sentences.

  • (If we are in a different place) He said he would be there tomorrow at ten.
  • (If we are in the place he is coming to) He said he would be here at ten tomorrow.

6. Conditionals: Zero, First, Second, Third

Zero conditional

When we talk about things that are generally or always true, we can use:

If/When/Unless plus a present form PLUS present simple or imperative

  • If he gets there before me, ask him to wait.
  • When you fly budget airline, you have to pay for your drinks and snacks.
  • Unless you need more space, a small car is big enough for one person.

Note that we are not talking about a specific event but something which is generally true.

In the condition clause, we can use a variety of present forms. In the result clause, there can only be the present simple or imperative.

  • If you visit London, go on the London Eye.
  • If unemployment is rising, people tend to stay in their present jobs.
  • If you've done that, go and have a coffee.
  • When you go on holiday, take plenty of sun cream. It'll be very hot.
  • When I'm concentrating, please don't make so much noise.
  • When I've finished an article, I always ask Kate to read it through.

Notice that 'unless' means the same as 'if not'.

  • Unless he asks you politely, refuse to do any more work on the project.
  • Unless prices are rising, it's not a good investment.
  • Unless you've been there yourself, you don't really understand how fantastic it is.

Date: 2016-07-18; view: 253; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА...



mydocx.ru - 2015-2024 year. (0.005 sec.) Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав - Пожаловаться на публикацию