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Teaching writing in young learner classes. Types of writing and problems of teaching them.





The role of writing is significant, it helps pupils to practice other skills and subskills and put their ideas in a logical order.

Which aspects are taught:

- handwriting: at the very beginning pupils are taught to write letters/letter combinations/words correctly; focus on graphical peculiarities of letters; differentiate between letter combinations which is connected with spelling and reading rules. Tasks: underline words with the target letter; group words with the target letter/with target letter combination; copy words spelt / pronounced in the same way / spelt according to rule; complete sentences; rewrite sentences using target structure; reorder words in a sentence

- spelling: correct writing of words, based on spelling rules and analogies

- punctuation: capitalization and punctuation

- sentence construction: correct order of words in a sentence; mastering structural patterns and their combining

- paragraphing: division of a text into paragraphs, introduction and conclusion

- text cohesion: use of linking devices to make a text logical and clear for the reader

- style: appropriate language

Types of dictations:

- auditory: the teacher dictates, pupils write (the text is read 3 times: 1st – at a normal speed when pupils just listen to it, 2d – sentence by sentence when pupils write it, 3d – slower when pupils check)

- visual: a text is written on the blackboard, pupils read it for 1-2 minutes, then the teacher covers it and the pupils write the text from memory

- self-dictation: pupils learn the text by heart and then write it from their memory

- explanatory (audiovisual): the teacher dictates the text, one pupil writes on the blackboard and explains

- running/wall dictation: there are 2 teams, one pupil from each team runs to the dictation, reads the sentences and then runs to dictate it to the other pupils in his team

For intermediate and advanced students we give guided and communicative activities.

Guided: complete the dialogue/passage/story/letter, write questions you want to ask your friend going to other country, write a plan for…

Communicative: letter/essay/composition writing, summary

Difficulties related to teaching spelling:

- letter combinations which produce one sound: sh, th, ck

- the same letter can represent different phonemes: e.g. the letter ‘s’ – the sounds [s, z]; or one sound is represented with some grapheme; e.g. ir, er, ur.

- existence of ‘silent’ letters: e.g. lin e; + in letter combinations: e.g. wh-, -ght: whom, eight;

To eliminate these difficulties special exercises should be applied:

1. coping, adding

2. dictations

In elementary school, children are encountering the elements of writing for the first time, from the formation of letters, to organizing their ideas, to using correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Elementary school students are expected to advance from learning the rules of writing to automatically applying those rules beginning in grade four. By the end of elementary school, your child should be writing independently and producing multiple-paragraph essays that contain formal introductions, supporting evidence, and conclusions.

Writing activities with very toung learners (3-6 years old), writibg activities for primary schoolchildren (7-9 years old), and writibg activities for children of forms 4-6 (10-12 years old).

3-6 years old:

Do a scavenger hunt: Make a bag filled with items you find either on a nature walk or around the house. You could set a theme such as ten blue items, or items that weigh less than a certain amount. Gather the items together and try to weave them all into a story.

Who are they? Cut photographs of people from magazines and ask the children to pick two or three of them. Write about who the people are, what their lives are like, and how they might know each other. It would also be fun to place the pictures of people in a geographic location and ask the children to write about what they are doing there.

Make an ideas jar Cut out slips of paper and write a word or two on each - blue/smooth/frosty/loved. Get the children to pick three to five words and make up a story using them.

7-9 years old:

Ideas Daybook: Start an Ideas Daybook to keep track of your creative homeschooling ideas.

Write a script: Write and perform a puppet show, play or animation.

10-12 years old:

Write a Movie Review: Show the children some reviews by movie critics, then watch a movie for them to review.

Date: 2016-07-05; view: 463; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА...



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