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The Political System of the UK
The history of the UK as a state started in the 20th century, when Great Britain and Northern Ireland merged into the United Kingdom. Before this period Great Britain existed as a union of England, Scotland and Wales. By the form of government it is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the king or Queen reign but do not rule. The three basic branches of British political system are the legislative, the executive and the judicial powers.
The highest body of the legislative power is the Parliament which is made up of the two chambers of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, as well as in the Scottish parliament and Welsh and Northern Ireland assemblies.
The executive power in the country is represented by Her Majesty’s Government, on behalf of and by the consent of the Monarch, as well as by the governments of Scotland and Wales, and the Executive of Northern Ireland. The head of the state is the monarch, who reigns but does not rule.
The judicial branch is independent of the executive and the legislature. The highest national court is the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
The main law of the country is the Constitution, which is not one written document, it consists of the set of laws and principles under which the United Kingdom is governed.
The local bodies of state power are county and borough Councils.
LONDON
Task 1. Listen to the following words and repeat:
| Ancient commerce finance to attract to explore from abroad residence to host to spread, to extend chapel castle to be worth seeing wealth luxury high quality to be buried armour statue memorial at the bottom to be associated with appearance to be considered the stock Exchange advertisement unimpressive to be densely populated vehicle double-decker to carry | стародавній торгівля, комерція фінанси приваблювати досліджувати з-за кордону місце проживання, резиденція давати притулок простягатися церква, каплиця замок варто оглянути багатство розкіш висока якість бути похованим броня статуя пам’ятник біля підніжжя пов’язуватись з зовнішній вигляд вважатися фондова біржа реклама неприглядний бути щільно (густо) заселеним засіб пересування двоповерховий перевозити |
Task 2. Get acquainted and repeat the names of the famous places in London:
| The West End the shopping and entertainment centre the Houses of Parliament Westminster Abbey Buckingham Palace Knightsbridge Oxford Street Piccadilly Circus Covent Garden the Tate Gallery the National Gallery the National Portrait Gallery the British Museum Whitehall Downing Street Regent Street Fleet Street | Westminster the government centre political centre Westminster Abbey Poet’s Corner Westminster Palace The Clock Tower Big Ben The City the financial and business centre Trafalgar Square St. Paul’s Cathedral Stock Exchange The East End the industrial centre a large seaport docks factories workshops |
Task 3 .Read the information and underline the facts that are new to you.
Facts about London
London is the biggest city in Britain and in Europe. London occupies over 620 square miles. London has a population of about 8 million people (2001). London has the highest population density in Britain, with 4,699 people per square kilometer.
London is one of the most famous capital cities of the world, and every year it attracts many visitors from abroad. As an ancient city London has a great number of places of historic interest. They attract tourists from the whole world. They come to explore its historic buildings, to see its museums and galleries, its parks and squares, and its people. London is traditionally divided into four main parts. They are: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.
The City of London, known simply as 'the City' which is the business and financial heart of the United Kingdom. About half a million people work there, but less than 6000 live there. It is the financial centre of the United Kingdom with many banks, offices and the Stock Exchange.
Westminster is a historical area in London. There are many famous monuments and buildings there. One of them is Westminster Abbey. It's full of history. It is an old beautiful chapel. Many great Englishmen are buried here: Is. Newton, Ch. Darwin and others.
The south side of the Abbey is called the Poets’ Corner where famous British writers and poets are buried: Ch. Dickens. R. Kipling. Th. Hardy. Here, too, are the memorials to W. Shakespeare, R. Burns. G. Byron, W. Scott and W. Thackeray.
London is the seat of central government in Britain. Also Buckingham Palace, the official London residence of the Queen and the Royal family are located there too. Some of the most important people from countries all over the world visit the Queen at Buckingham Palace.
Another place, which is worth seeing in London, is the Tower. It is situated on the north bank of the Thames, in different times this castle was a fortress, a royal palace, a prison. Now it is a museum of armour and also the place where Crown jewels are kept.
The West End, spreading from the political centre at Westminster, includes the shopping area of Knightsbridge, Oxford Street, Piccadilly Circus and the fashionable Covent Garden; it hosts museums and galleries, among them are the Tate Gallery, the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery and the British Museum. In the West End there are the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace. The name of «West End» is associated with wealth, luxury and goods of high quality.
London has a large seaport, which is situated in the East End. It is an area of docks, unattractive in appearance, but very important in the country's commerce. There are a lot of factories, workshops there. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive. The East End is densely populated by working class families.
London is full of parks and green space. Hyde Park is the largest park in London, which is famous for its Speaker's Corner.
In London all kinds of vehicles ride up and down the streets: double-decker buses, lorries, taxis, private cars. The oldest underground railway system called the «tube» is still one of the largest in the world. It carries 2 million passengers every day over its 244 miles of route with their 273 stations.
There are over 100 theatres in London, including 50 in the West End. London theatre accounts for 45% of all UK theatre admissions and over 70% of box-office revenues.
Task4. Find the synonyms:
| 1. a monument 2. to consider 3. to be famous 4. to extend 5. underground 6. to stand for 7. to be associated with 8. chapel 9. to be worth seeing 10.unimpressive 11.two-storeyed | a. to be well-known b. to be linked with c. church d. a statue e. double-decker f. to think about smth. as g. to spread h. to mean i. unattractive j. tube k. having a certain value |
Task 5. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations:
місцепроживання, простягуватися, стародавній, розкіш, церква, варто оглянути, біля підніжжя, бути густо заселеним, реклама, пов’язуватись з, непримітний, вважатись, броня, фондова біржа.
Task 6. Agree or disagree:
1.A great number of places of interest in London attracts tourists from Europe.
2.All the historical places and famous parks are in the eastern part of London.
3.Westminster Abbey, an old beautiful chapel, is full of history.
4.The Tower was a museum of armour and the place where Crown jewels were kept.
5. London has a number of centres, each with a distinct character: the financial and business centre called the City (spelt with the capital C), the shopping and entertainment centre in the West End, the government centre in Westminster, the industrial centre in the East End.
6.Every day a large crowd of people gather to see the famous and traditional ceremony of the Changing of the Guard that takes place daily at 11 o’clock in the morning near Buckingham Palace.
7.The East End, an area of factories, mills, workshops and docks, is unattractive in appearance, but very important in the country’s commerce.
8.The London underground is the main transport in the city and it is often called the tube, because it looks like a long, narrow and dimly lit tube, with its walls plastered with all kinds of advertisements.
9.We may say that the West End is the hands of London, those hands which built the banks of the City, the palaces, hostels, theatres, rich houses and department stores in the East End.
10. London has a lot of luxurious theatres which are one of the best in the world.
Holidays
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