The participle as a non-finite form of the verb. The present participle (participle I)

English participle has two forms, which actually distinguishes two participles: the present participle (participle I) and the past participle (participle II) - all these terms are conventional, not defining.

By semantic properties the most general grammatical meaning of the participle understood as its categorial meaning is

meant.

The present participle (I) is a non-finite form of the verb which combines the properties of the verb with those of the adverb and the adjective, serving as a qualifying-processal name.

Formal features of the present participle are wholly homonymous with those of the gerund:

- the identical marker (the suffix -ing);

- the identical grammatical categories (the aspective category of retrospective coordination (perfective aspect) and the category of voice);

- the identical four-member paradigm.

F u n c t i o n a l features of the present participle include its combinability and its syntactic functions in the sentence.

Possessing the qualities of the verb, the adverb, and the adjective, the present participle is triple in its lexico-grammatical meaning, which is displayed in its combinability and syntactic functions. Thus, the present participle combinability is:

- of verb type, due to which it combines with nouns as the subject and the object of action, modifying adverbs and other verbs;

- of adverb type, due to which it combines with modified verbs;

- of adjective type due to which it combines with modified flaws and modifying adverbs of degree.

It is used in six syntactic functions