Екзаменаційний білет № 11

1. Explicit grammatical categories. Implicit lexico-grammatical categories. Types and kinds of oppositions.

2. The sentence and the problem of its definition. The main essential features of the sentence.

3. Do the task from the card.

The explicit grammatical meaning is always marked morphologically – it has its marker. In the word cats the grammatical meaning of plurality is shown in the form of the noun; cat’s – here the grammatical meaning of possessiveness is shown by the form ‘s; is asked – shows the explicit grammatical meaning of passiveness.

The implicit grammatical meaning may be of two types – general and dependent. The general grammatical meaning is the meaning of the whole word-class, of a part of speech (e.g. nouns – the general grammatical meaning of thingness). The dependent grammatical meaning is the meaning of a subclass within the same part of speech.

The implicit grammatical meaning is not expressed formally (e.g. the word table does not contain any hints in its form as to it being inanimate). The explicit grammatical meaning is always marked morphologically – it has its marker. In the word cats the grammatical meaning of plurality is shown in the form of the noun; cat’s – here the grammatical meaning of possessiveness is shown by the form ‘s; is asked – shows the explicit grammatical meaning of passiveness.

The most important type of opposition in morphology is the binary privative opposition.

Equipollent oppositions in the system of English morphology constitute a minor type and are mostly confined to formal relations only.

Gradual oppositions in morphology are not generally recognized. They can be identified as a minor type at the semantic level only.

Members of morphological oppositions unlike those of phonological oppositions possess both the plane of expression and the plane of content.