Екзаменаційний білет № 9

1. The word as the smallest naming unit and the main unit of morphology.

2. The simple sentence. Principle, secondary and detached parts of the sentence.

3. Do the task from the card.

A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together. Typically a word will consist of a root or stem and zero or more affixes. Words can be combined to create phrases, clauses and sentences. A word consisting of two or more stems joined together is called a compound. As the word is the main unit of traditional grammatical theory, it serves the basis of the distinction which is frequently "drawn between morpfiology and syntax. Morphology deals with the internal structure of words, peculiarities of their grammatical categories and their semantics while traditional syntax deals with the rules governing combination of words in sentences (and texts in modern linguistics). We can therefore say that the word is the main unit of morphology. It is difficult to arrive at a one-sentence definition of such a complex linguistic unit as the word. It is also the basic nominative unit of language with the help of which the naming function of language is realized. One of the most characteristic features of the word is its indivisibility. As any other linguistic unit the word is a bilateral entity. It unites a concept and a sound image and thus has two sides - the content and expression sides: concept and sound form.

There are three main types of sentences. The first of these is called a simple sentence.

· A simple sentence has one independent clause and expresses one idea.

Example

· A simple sentence must have one subject - verb combination but the subject may be compound, ie have more than one element.

Example

· A simple sentence can also have a compound verb construction.

Example

Simple sentences can only have only one subject-verb combination and commas are not used. Below are some examples of the different combinations that you might find in simple sentences.

Examples