Комунікативна практика. Поради з використанням звороту “had better ”

Поради з використанням звороту “had better…”

У мовленні для порад дуже широко використовується сполучення had better (скорочена форма ‘d better).

I think you 'd better ask Peter first. – Вважаю, що ти мав би спочатку спитати у Петра.

You had better not tell him. – Краще б ти йому це не казав.

Інколи у мовленні better ставлять на перше місце, у цьому випадку had зникає, але загальний зміст фрази не змінюється:

Better just check they are okay. – Слід спочатку переконатись, що з ними все гаразд.

Порада може даватися і собі:

I 'd better go and get ready. – Мені краще піти та підготуватись.

Майте на увазі, що у певних ситуаціях “поради” можуть сприйматися як прямі погрози:

You'd better keep your mouth shut about this. – Раджу тобі тримати язика за зубами.

Вправи для самостійної роботи

Exercise 1. Translate the following text into Ukrainian (Russian).

During the late 1960s a new electronic technique, the integrated circuit, began to replace the transistor in complex electronic equipment. Although roughly the same size as a transistor, an integrated circuit performs the function of 15 to 20 transistors. A natural development from the integrated circuit in the 1970s has been the production of medium-, large-, and very large-scale integrated circuits (MSI, LSI, and VLSI), which have permitted the building of a compact computer, or minicomputer, containing disk storage units and the communication-control systems on the same frame.

The so-called microprocessor, which came into use in the mid-1970s, is a refinement of the LSI. As a result of further miniaturization, a single microprocessor can incorporate the functions of a number of printed-circuit boards and deliver the performance of the central processing unit of a much larger computer in a hand-held, battery-powered microcomputer.

Most integrated circuits are small pieces, or “chips,” of silicon, perhaps 2 to 4 sq mm (0.08 to 0.15 sq in) long, in which transistors are fabricated. Photolithography enables the designer to create tens of thousands of transistors on a single chip by proper placement of the many n-type and p-type regions. These are interconnected with very small conducting paths during fabrication to produce complex special-purpose circuits. Such integrated circuits are called monolithic because they are fabricated on a single crystal of silicon. Chips require much less space and power and are cheaper to manufacture than an equivalent circuit built by employing individual transistors.

Building a chip typically requires several hundred manufacturing steps that take weeks to complete. Each step must be executed perfectly if the chip is to work. The conditions are demanding. For example, because a speck of dust can ruin a chip, the manufacturing has to be done in a “clean room” containing less than one submicron particle of dust per cubic foot of air (in contrast, the average living room has between 100,000 and one million particles per cubic foot of air). Much of the equipment needed for making chips embodies the highest of high technology, with the result that chip factories—which cost between $1 billion and $2 billion for a state-of-the-art facility—are among the costliest of manufacturing plants.

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences into English using Gerund.

Менделєєв зробив великий внесок в науку (to make fundamental contribution), відкривши закон періодичності (the Law of Periodicity).

Я хочу розпочати з демонстрації декількох таблиць.

Нам пощастило досягнути успіху завдяки вдосконаленню (to improve) апаратури.

Дозвольте мені закінчити, продемонструвавши вам низку слайдів, на яких наведені згадані зразки.

Exercise 3. Complete sentences using either the Infinitive or the Gerund. In some cases both forms are possible.

1) You should avoid…

2) We invited …

3) They like…

4) I could continue…

5) He has begun…

6) He started…

7) Thank you for…

Lesson 7