With to

*things that are difficult, and therefore impossible

to do

The film was too scary for my sister to watch it

to watch.

We were too tired to stay awake.

! Do not repeat the subject of the verb but

remember to include prepositions where

necessary.

The sun was too strong to look at it at.

Compare:

1 The exercise was too difficult. (I couldn't do it.)

2 The exercise was very difficult, (difficult but not impossible)

4 not + adjective/adverb + enough(+for 4- sb)+ infinitive with to

*when a person or thing is insufficient in some

way

You're not old enough to drive. You're only 14.

Compare:

1 The sea was too cold for us to swim in.

2 The sea wasn't warm enough for us to swim in.

File 22: Useful linking words

Addition

also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, what's more

2 Listing points in an argument

First (of all), To start with, In the first place, Next, Secondly, Finally, Last but not least, In conclusion, To sum up

Time sequencers

at the beginning, at first, as soon as, afterwards, by the time, later, in the end, at last

Condition

as long as, if, unless

Cause and result

as, because, since, so, that, that's why

Contrast

although, but, however, in spite of/despite, nevertheless, on the other hand

1 Example/illustration

for example, for instance, such as

File 23: Spelling rules

Doubling final consonants

*One-syllable words. If you add an ending to a word that ends in a vowel + consonant, the final consonant is doubled

shop-shopping

fat-fatter-fattest

*Two syllable words. If you add an ending to a word

that ends in a vowel + consonant, and the last syllable

is stressed, the final consonant is doubled.

forget-forgetting

permit-permitting

2 Words ending in -e

*silent -e after a consonant is often dropped before a

vowel

drive-driving

arrive-arrival

*silent -e is kept before a consonant

announce-announcement