Answer the following questions. 1. What are the main factors on which methods of tunnel construction depend?

1. What are the main factors on which methods of tunnel construction depend?

2. What method is applied when tunnel is in rock?

3. What method is preferred for excavating long tunnels?

4. What does drill and blast method use?

5. What is the function of a tunnel boring machine?

6. Where is cut-and-cover method applied?

7. Why are supporting beams necessary in the case of cut-and-cover method?

8. What are the peculiarities of an immersed-tube method?

Say if the sentences concerning Text 4B are true or false.

1. The two most common methods of underwater tunneling are cut-and-cover and drill and blast.

2. The elements of immersed tube construction are built in the shipyard.

3. Cut-and-cover method uses explosives in the process of tunneling.

4. Tunnel boring machines can pass through both rock and soil.

5. For intermediate level of depth cut-and-cover method is applicable.

6. The main function of a shaft is delivering the components of the tunnel boring machine from ground level to the tunnel level.

7. Tunneling shield is used for the construction of shallow tunnels.

8. In the case of immersed tube tunnels activities are simultaneously carried out for almost the entire length of the tunnel.

Give English equivalents of the following words and word combinations.

Выполнять различные функции, для сборки, тоннель мелкого заложения, скважина для взрывных работ, железобетонная обделка тоннеля, минимизировать воздействие, оба метода, задняя часть бурильной установки, глубокие тоннели, использование взрывчатки, опорные балки, разрушение тоннеля, подводный тоннель из опускных секций, одновременно, доставка компонентов, котлован, различные типы почвы, относительно, простой метод строительства, извлеченный грунт, избегать опасность, несколько подходов, значительно ниже.