Russian achievements in science

1. Russian science has more than once achieved outstanding successes in major areas of the world scientific and technological progress. The goal is clear; it is a sharp turn of the country towards intensive development by accelerating scientific and technological progress. Our scientists and inventors have enriched science and technology with great achievements. Many discoveries of great theoretical and practical significance have been made in our country recently. They deal with various fields of science such as chemistry, physics, biology, metallurgy and so on. In the field of chemistry our scientists have created new polymers which possess valuable properties for our industry. Thus one kilogram of polymer constructional material can replace four to five kilograms of rolled ferrous metals. The production of one ton of plastic parts requires two or three times less energy than the manufacture of the same amount of metal parts.

2. Our great scientist N. N. Semenov has made great discoveries in the field of chain reactions. He has formulated the theory of chemical chain, branched reactions. N. D. Zelinsky's works have formed the basis for synthesizing of a large number of new compounds. A team of Russian researchers has evolved a new method of extracting phenol and acetone from benzene and propylene. A very interesting experiment has been carried out by the research workers of the Institute of High Pressure Physics. This experiment has resulted in obtaining metallic hydrogen, which possesses very important properties, namely the property of superconductivity at high temperatures.

3. Another great discovery was made in the Kurchatov Nuclear Energy Institute by V. Mostovoy, the head of the Neutron Physics Laboratory. His research is concerned with the analysis of the probability of isomeric U²³⁵ fission, interacting with thermal or slow neutrons. For his work he was awarded the Kurchatov Gold Medal. Russian scientists are occupied with ecological problems.

4. They have drawn up a large programme of experiments dealing with environmental pollution. They have investigated the state of the air and water, the changes in climate and weather as a result of extensive environmental pollution. Outstanding investigations were made in the field of space. Russian space research has opened a new era of scientific knowledge. Great successes in space research have been the result of experimental activity of our scientists. Our scientists, engineers, cosmonauts have carried out a series of investigations in space science. They were the first to explore outer space for peaceful purposes, to study global natural phenomena and resources.

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1. What is the goal of Russian scientists?

2. What fields of science do Russian scientists deal with and what results have they achieved?

3. What discovery did Mostovoy do?

4. What contribution did they make to space research?

VIII. На основе текста составьте тему “ Russian achievements in science”

ВАРИАНТ III

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются все слова с окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

– показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

– признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

– показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного

1. Mendeleyev's table developed into the modern Periodic Table, one of the most important tools in chemistry.

2. After the experiment they discussed all the problems again.

3. The story of how D. I. Mendeleyev established the Periodic System of Elements has long been a matter of great interest to research workers.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным

1. Paracelsus was the first person to unite medicine with chemistry through his use of remedies that contained mercury, sulphur, iron, and copper sulphate distillates.

2. They subjected various materials to prescribed treatment what might be loosely described as laboratory method.

3. Boil is best known today for the gas law that bears his name.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их

1. This engineer is the best expert in his field.

2. Atoms all substances made of are very complicated arrangements of still tinier particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.

3 Lighter or heavier atoms of the same element are called "isotopes".

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения

1. Some students failed in chemistry.

2. "Mendeleyev was a man who could not bear any kind of disorder and chaos," writes Academician A. A. Boikov.

3. However, the some attempts made by Beguyer de Chancourtois, Newlands, Lother Meyer and others to find a system of laws controlling the behaviour of atoms were unsuccessful and exercised no influence on Mendeleyev, the future founder of the Periodic System of Elements.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов-сказуемых и укажите их инфинитив, переведите предложения

1. This system allows to measure details more accurately.

2. In the latest decade specialists increased the memory of computers.

3. Many manufactures will use this control system in their production processes.

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