Грамматическое упражнение

Проанализируйте подчёркнутое в тексте предложение:

· выделите главное и придаточное предложения,

· найдите главные и второстепенные члены предложения в каждом из них.

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже слова:

deflect (v.), overcome (v.), dependent (adj.), decrease (v.), expansion (n.), as well as (adv.), flexibility (n.).

Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

deflect - deflection

depend - dependent

Урок 1.12

Фонетическое задание

Прочитайте транскрипцию в списке A, соотнесите её с соответствующим словом из списка B и переведите слово на русский язык. Учтите, что не все слова списка В даны в списке А.

A

['kPmpqrqbql]; [q'nJld]; ['xsId]; [trxn'speqrqnsI]; ["kPnsqn'treISqn]; [rI'zIstqns]; [skrxC]; ["kPndAk'tIvItI]; ['drLbxk]; [jJld]; [Seq]; [taIp]; [meIn]; ['prPp¶tI]

B

Текст A

GLASS

Although there are hundreds of types of glass they all share almost similar properties, the main ones of them are transparency, high compressive strength, brittleness and good resistance to most corrosive agents.

Annealed Glass. The important general characteristics of glass compared to other building materials and structures are as follows:

Glass is a very durable material. It has a hardness comparable with steel, so that it is difficult to scratch, and has good resistance to almost all acids, including those sometimes present in rainwater.

Glass is an elastic material. However, unlike other elastic materials, such as steel, it cannot yield in a 'plastic' manner under tension so that scratches on the surface of the glass, cause high stress concentrations there and make the glass fail in a brittle manner.

Glass is a strong material in compression but is only able to provide its full strength in tension if it is free of scratches. Therefore the tensile strength of glass depends on the state of the surface. Glass can take much higher tensile stresses if those are caused by very short term loads. The allowable tensile stresses for such short term loads are more than twice higher than those for long term loads.

Glass has low thermal conductivity. This means that significant temperature dif­ferences can be found within any glass in general use, as is the case for plastics which also have low thermal conductiv­ities. However, glass is a more brittle material than most plastics and these temperature differences can lead to cracking. These drawbacks may often be overcome if a thin glass or toughened glass is used.

Notes:

acid n. кислота

brittleness n. хрупкость

corrosive agent коррозирующий агент

scratch 1. n. царапина; 2. v. царапать, оставлять, наносить царапины

transparency n. прозрачность

yield v. поддаваться (воздействию); прогибаться, пружинить

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What are the main properties of glass?

2. What are its general characteristics?

3. What can be said about glass durability?

4. What is the difference of glass from other elastic materials?

5. What does tensile strength of glass depend on?

6. What does low thermal conductivity of glass mean?

7. Why can temperature dif­ferences in glass lead to cracking?

8. How may it be overcome?