Genetic counselling

Genetic screening should be followed by genetic counselling,the giving of advice and information about the risks of a genetic disease and its outcome. Counselling is a very challenging task. Counsellors must have a good understanding of medical genetics and need to be well trained in sympathetic counselling techniques. They must give information which helps clients come to their own decision rather than imposing their own views on the clients. Clients should be made aware that the features of Down's syndrome vary widely. The condition often results in individuals with severe mental disability who require a great deal of support, but many people with Down's syndrome lead independent, long, and fulfilling lives, and they are often very loving individuals. It should not be assumed that mothers carrying a fetus with Down's syndrome would automatically opt for termination of pregnancy.

■ Glossary of essential terms for you to know