IY. Употребление форм выражения нереальности и проблематичности в простых предложениях

1. В простых предложениях при подразумеваемом нереальном условии, которое может быть выражено в контексте различными способами.

*Если такое действие относится к настоящему или бу­дущему, оно выражается с помощью (should) would+простой инфинитив или

could/ might + простой инфинитив, например:

Do you want to join us? It would be very nice. (если бы ты присоединился к нам).

The article would be very hard to translate. (если бы начали переводить)

• Если действие относится к прошлому, то употреб­ляется

(should)would + перфектный инфинитив или

could/might + перфект­ный инфинитив, на­пример:

Only a few years ago I wouldn't have believed that it was possible.

I didn't know about problem. I might have helped you.

2. Обратите внимание, что сочетания

(should) would + (перфектный) инфинитив и

could / might+(перфектный) инфинитив

иногда употребляются в простых предложениях, даже если нет никакого под­разумеваемого условия, а просто для большей вежливо­сти, например:

Did you wait long? — I would say five minutes.

Why, I should have thought there could be no two answers to such an offer.

Ты долго ждал? — Я бы сказал минут пять.

Ну, я бы считал, что на та­кое предложение не мо­жет быть двух ответов.

3.. В некоторых словосочетаниях, например:

had (d) better, would (d) rather (= would prefer to) и would (d) sooner и др. + чистый инфинитив

It`s late. We had better go because it`s getting dark.

They would sooner stay at home than go out without their umbrellas.

*Если за этими словосочетаниями следует дополни­тельное придаточное предложение, то глагол-сказуемое в нем употребляется в тех же формах, что и после гла­гола wish.

Will you drive the car? — I 'd rather you drove it.

Употребление конструкций с would rather:

1. a) would rather + present bare infinitive (present/future)

I 'd rather do my shopping tomorrow. )

b) would rather + perfect bare Infinitive (past)

I 'd rather not have gone to the dinner party last night.

c) would rather + bare Infinitive + than (+bare Infinitive)

I 'd rather watch a comedy than (watch) a thriller.

2.

a )would rather + past tense (present/future)

I 'd rather Kate stayed with us tonight.

b) would rather + past perfect (past)

I 'd rather Sam hadn't taken his father's car yesterday.

4. В отдельных выражениях, ставших идиомати­ческими сочетаниями.

Success attend you!

Be yours a happy life!

So be it!

Come what will.

Manners be hanged!

Her portrait had been, as it were, stamped on his heart.

As luck would have it.

As ill luck would have it.

Пусть тебе сопутствует успех!

Пусть ваша жизнь будет счастливой!

Да будет так!

Будь, что будет.

К черту хорошие манеры!

Ее портрет был, так ска­зать, (как бы) запечат­лен в его сердце.

По счастливому стечению обстоятельств.

На беду (как на зло).

1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму.

1.She would have come to dinner if we ... .......... (invite ) her.

2.If you had locked the door, the burglars..................... ..........(not/get) in.

3.Were I you, I ............................(put on) some warmer clothes.

4.Joan .....................................(be able to) come to the arty if she wasn't working.

5.Had I heard any news, I ................................(tell) you immediately.

6.Paul ...............................................(ruin) his shirt if he climbs that tree.

7.If Mark .............................(be) younger, he could join army.

8.She would have stayed at home if she....................... (know) there would be so much traffic.

9.Should he ......................(get) this job, he will be able to buy his own flat.

10.If you ..........................(put) your keys in your pocket, you wouldn't have lost them.

11.She will be here at eight unless she ............................■(lose) her way.

12.If I were you, I ................................(not/go) out in this weather.

13.Emily .............................(call) me if she had changed her mind.

14. If you like Tom Cruise, you ................................(love) this film.

15.Dave ....................................(be) home at six o'clock, provided he catches the five o'clock bus.

Keys. 2.wouldn`t have got 3.would put, 4.would be able to 5. would have told 6. will ruin 7. were 8.had known 9. get 10. had put 11.loses 12. wouldn`t go 13. would have called 14. will like 15. will be